Argue one side of free will from a philosophical view Essay

Argue one side of free will from a philosophical view - Essay Example The concept of determinism has three main positions; Indeterminism, Determinism and lastly soft determinism. In the modern world, determinism can be seen in an event such as the powering off of a personal computer automatically due to power outage or an electrical fault. Looking at hard determinism, it can be explained by the belief that each and every event taking place must have its own sufficient natural cause for that. That being said, an action or thought cannot be viewed as free if it has a cause behind it. On the other hand, Indeterminists have the view that the term universal is not applicable to our mental life in the same way as in the outside natural and physical world. Lastly, free will and determinism are deemed to be compatible in both the natural physical world and the mental state. On the issue of freewill, we can look at a scenario like transporting ourselves to very many feet below the ocean or sea. This begs the question, does anyone have the freedom to move themselves physically from their own home to an area deep under the sea? The most obvious answer to this question is that it is possible if one can be able to get himself to a submarine and go down to the ocean floor aboard it. Looking at this answer it means that the concept of our freedom and freewill is to the most part limited by the laws of nature and the prevailing physical reality. We need third party solutions in order to exercise our own ‘Free Will’ e.g. usage of lights at lights, driving vehicles to work or talking to a relative on the phone who is hundreds of miles away. The important thing to note is that even though we may claim to have free will it is limited in its actuality in most cases. The same can be seen in terms of determinism, we as humans can estimate some form of th e future in certain instances. We are capable of determining the future behavior of the sun, earth and the climate

Bayer case2 Essay Example for Free

Bayer case2 Essay Supply chain factors must also be taken into account in the decision-making if substantial capacity changes are involved – like reintroducing Bayer Aspirin. Key questions include: What impact will the changes have on suppliers, warehousing, transportation, and distributors? If capacity will be increased, will these elements of the supply chain be able to handle the increase? Conversely, if capacity is to be decreased, what impact will the loss in business have on these elements of the supply chain? Finally, customer and public opinion is very crucial to consider during decision-making. Will they still accept the new reintroduced product as before? What would be the common sentiments of the people regarding the possible decision? In evaluating alternatives during decision-making, a manager must consider both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Quantitative analysis usually reflects economic factors, and qualitative considerations include intangibles such as public opinion and personal preferences of managers. Thus, in deciding for the Bayer Aspirin case, is not solely dependent on economic factors because these are not the only things that would be affected when changes are being implemented. As an organization, Bayer should draw out what are the quantitative and qualitative considerations at hand, in order to come up with efficient and effective decisions for their company. 4. ) In what ways is Aspirin Brand valuable for Bayer? When aspirin first appeared in the spring of 1899 in a handful of articles in a few German medical journals, the author introduced it without fanfare as a serviceable substitute for the salicylic acid and sodium salicylate that had been in use for more than twenty years to treat rheumatic disorders. Aspirin reduced fever and inflammation quickly, but more importantly it did not appear to have an ill effect on the stomach. Side effects were minimal, so patients tolerated it quite well and they did not rebel against the treatment. The doctors who tested it and the company that manufactured it therefore recommended the drug as a promising anti-rheumatic medication and no doubt expected respectable profits from its use in this modest market. No one, however, apparently anticipated that in less than two decades this new compound would become the manufacturers best-selling medicine and the worlds most widely used drug (a distinction it still holds), not so much because of its role in treating rheumatism but because of its effectiveness in managing minor pain, especially headaches. And by the time Aspirins overall popularity was apparent, it was also apparent that it had achieved this exalted status not simply because of its considerable medical merits but also because of the deliberate business policies and practices of its manufacturer, the Farbenfabriken vormals Friedrich Bayer und Companie of Elberfeld, Germany, or simply known as Bayer. Headquartered in Leverkusen, Germany, Bayer is involved in 20 different business units that research, develop and manufacture products in the life sciences, polymers and specialty chemicals areas. Considered as the â€Å"jewel† at the very center of the Bayer crown, Aspirin is more than just a brand name that Bayer acquired. It is without question the most successful over-the-counter drug in history. In fact, 1999 marked the 100th anniversary of Aspirin, it is still the number two analgesic drug in the world with net sales in 1998 of DM1. 1 billion (US$654. 8 million). Only Tylenol exceeds ASPIRIN in sales, but 95% of Tylenols sales are in the US; in the rest of the world, Bayer is still number one (Buchanan and Merker, 2002). As a brand, its popularity is undeniable around the world. Exhibit 3 shows that the market of Aspirin covers 90 countries. At present, Bayer Aspirin is a family of well-known brands and products, which includes Childrens ASPIRIN ®, ASPIRINProtect ®, ASPIRIN Direct ®, ASPIRIN+C ®, and many others. All are geared for specific uses such as cough and cold, headache and pain, stroke and heart attack prevention. Many have unique delivery systems such as granules, effervescent tablets, and chewable forms. Of the US$654. 8 million in total worldwide net sales of all Aspirin products in 1998, US$37. 5 million (5. 8%) came from the sale of Childrens ASPIRIN ®. In reality, Aspirin as brand propelled Bayer’s success all throughout its history. By promoting Aspirin (not acetylsalicylic acid), Bayer had foreseen that the brand name would be so firmly entrenched in the medical community that when the patent expired, rival manufacturers of ASA would be unable to compete in the American market. True enough that by 1909, Aspirin accounted for 31% of Bayers US sales. Although Bayer continues to hold a trademark on the brand name in many countries of the world, it had once lost that right in several key countries like the United States. Bayer trademark was lost initially in the US at the end of World War I to Sterling Drug, Inc. as the result of the US governments retaliatory practice of confiscating and then auctioning off the property of German companies with holdings in the United States. It wasnt until 1994, 76 years after the expropriation of the trademark Bayer Aspirin, that Bayer Group finally reacquired the brand. According to the Bayer Website, Bayer continues to look for new possibilities for Aspirin, being considered as the miracle or wonder drug. In 1988, Australian epidemiologist Professor G. Kune discovered that people who took Aspirin had a 40% lower incidence of colon cancer than those who did not. Later, a number of studies, including a large-scale study conducted by the American Cancer Society, confirmed that Aspirin is indeed effective in preventing colon cancer. According to one estimate, Aspirin inhibits cell mutation, a theory that paves the way for future research and the promise of new developments. Research is also being conducted into Aspirins effects on Alzheimers Disease and diabetes. Thus, Aspirin’s value for Bayer do not just depend on the brand name itself, but all its hidden potentials that could benefit all sick people because of its low price and time-tested usefulness. 5. ) How is the pharmaceutical market and the market for Aspirin evolving? Is it to the advantage or disadvantage of pharmaceutical companies? Originally prescribed for rheumatic disorders, aspirin has come a long way of just adrug marketed to reduce fever and inflammation quickly. As a drug, aspirin not only has the properties of an analgesic or painkiller, it is also an antipyretic (anti-fever), an anti-inflammatory and an anti-platelet (see Table 1). The first three qualities make it a headache, cold, and flu medication, but it is the fourth quality that makes Aspirin a preventive medication. Interestingly, the anti-platelet effects of aspirin occur at a surprisingly low dosage: 30-50 mg. or so, and Children’s ASPIRIN is one of the lowest dose aspirin products on the market. It also happens to be the cheapest among the ASPIRIN family of products. The significance of these two characteristics gave Children’s ASPIRIN a new market, as doctors around the world started recommending and prescribing Children’s ASPIRIN to their middle-aged patients as a means of prevention.

Reflecting on the Dead Essay -- essays research papers fc

Reflecting on the Dead In Katherine Mansfield’s â€Å"The Garden Party† and in D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Odour of Chrysanthemums,† two women were in a situation where death was literally at their feet. In â€Å"The Garden Party,† Laura finds herself contemplating the dead body of Mr. Scott, a man of lower class who lived at the bottom of the hill from her house. In â€Å"Odour of Chrysanthemums,† Elizabeth finds herself contemplating the dead body of her husband, Walter. Although the relationships these women shared with the dead men were completely opposite, they both had striking similarities in the ways that they handled the situation. Both women ignored the feelings of the families of the deceased, failed to refer to the deceased by name, felt shame in the presence of the deceased and both had a life and death epiphany. Although Laura and Elizabeth were in two similar yet very different situations, they both had contemplated the dead men, acted in similar ways, fel t similar emotions and both ended up having an epiphany regarding life and death at the end of the story. No real concern was shown in either story for family members of the dead. In fact the only concern shown by Laura and Elizabeth was only concern for themselves. In â€Å"The Garden Party,† Laura did not once show any consideration for Mr. Scott’s family. Even in the presence of the widow and her sister, Laura never mentioned anything about feeling sorry for them about their loss. The most concern shown for Mr. Scott’s family was before a party that her family was throwing when she questioned, â€Å"what the band would sound like to that poor woman† (Mansfield 2429). Laura also never showed concern for Mr. Scott’s children. Her reference to Mr. Scott’s wife and children as the â€Å"poor woman and those little children† (Mansfield 2430), was the only sympathy the widow and her family received from her. Laura seemed only concerned with how â€Å"terribly nervous† she was and that she was being watched with â€Å"staring eyes† (Mansfield 2432). She didn’t even acknowledge that Mr. Scott had a family that was suffering. Elizabeth, in â€Å"Odour of Chrysanthemums,† lacked the same condolence. Unlike Laura, this was her own family she lacked sympathy for. She never expressed any responsibilty about how her children were going to handle the loss of their father. At the end of the story is the only time Elizabeth expressed concern for her children ... ..., but Laura saw a beauty in death which helped her to see the beauty of life. Elizabeth realized the frightening possibility that life was just an immediate placement and that her reality resided in death. Even though Laura and Elizabeth were uncompassionate towards the families, failed to call the deceased by their names, felt shame and had a life and death epiphany, both women had different stances and reasons concerning their actions. The relationship and the personal or social difference that Laura and Elizabeth shared with the dead men were all factors in how they acted, reacted and lastly how these affected the epiphany that the two women experienced throughout and at the end of these stories. Works Cited Lawrence, D.H. â€Å"The Odour of Chrysanthemums.† The Norton Anthology of English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2316-2330. Mansfield, Katherine. â€Å"The Garden Party.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Norton Anthology of English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2423-2433.

Parts of Thesis

Parts of a Thesis (Descriptive Design) 1. Chapter 1 (The Problem: Rationale and Background) 1. 1 Statement of the Problem 1. 2 Hypotheses 1. 3 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 1. 4 Significance of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1. 6 Definition of Key Terms 1. 7 General Organization and Coverage of the Study 2. Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) 2. 1 Related Legal Bases 2. 2 Related Literature (Local and Foreign) 2. 3 Related Studies (Local and Foreign) . 4 Justification of the Present Study 3. Chapter 3 (Methodology) 3. 1 Research Design 3. 2 Determination of Sample Size 3. 3 Sampling Design and Technique 3. 4 The Subjects 3. 5 The Research Instrument 3. 6 Validation of the Research Instrument 3. 7 Data Gathering Procedure 3. 8 Data Processing Method 3. 9 Statistical Treatment 4. Chapter 4 (Results, Analysis and Interpretation) 5. Chapter 5 (Summary of Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions) 6. Bibliography 7. Appendix 8. Curriculum Vitae Parts of a Thesis (Experimental Design) 1. Chapter 1 (The Problem: Rationale and Background) 1. 1 Statement of the Problem 1. 2 Hypotheses 1. 3 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 1. 4 Significance of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1. 6 Definition of Key Terms 1. 7 General Organization and Coverage of the Study 2. Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) 2. 1 Review of Related Legal Bases 2. 2 Review of Related Literature (Local and Foreign) 2. Review of Related Studies (Local and Foreign) 2. 4 Justification of the Present Study 3. Chapter 3 (Materials and Methods) 3. 1 Research Method 3. 2 Materials 3. 3 Equipment/Apparatus and Utensils 3. 4 Procedure 3. 5 Training of Panelists 3. 6 Evaluation of the Results 3. 7 Statistical Treatment 4. Chapter 4 (Results and Discussion) 5. Chapter 5 (Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations) 6. References 7. Appendix 8. Curriculum Vitae

Impact of Leather Waste

1. 1. 1. Leather industrial waste: Prominent effectiveness of leather industry is amplified by high input and expenditure but on other side it causes huge waste of resource, incredible environmental pollution and biological chain destruction [17]. Streams of gaseous, liquid and solid waste are resulted by environmental blow of tanneries. Global leather industry generates 4 million tones of solid waste per year [18]. People use products of the leather-processing industry on a daily basis. These include especially shoes, leather and textile goods; we normally encounter leather products even in both public and private transport. The primary raw material for final products is hide from animals from slaughter houses and hide from game—i. e. waste from the meat industry, which is processed in tanneries and turned into leather. Therefore, the tanning industry can be considered one of the first industries to use and recycle secondary raw materials. Although the tanning industry is environmentally important as a principal user of meat industry waste, the industry is perceived as a consumer of resources and a producer of pollutants. Processing one metric ton of raw hide generates 200 kg of final leather product (containing 3 kg of chromium), 250 kg of non-tanned solid waste, 200 kg of tanned waste (containing 3 kg of chromium), and 50,000 kg of wastewater (containing 5 kg of chromium) [1]. Thus, only 20% of the raw material is converted into leather, and more than 60% of the chromium is in the solid and liquid waste. During the production of leather goods, especially shoes, manipulation waste is produced, whichmakes about 15–20% of the entry material—leather. The last kinds ofwaste are used leather products which have lost their utility value. 1. 1. The possibility of oxidation of CrIII to CrVI The basic question is the possible oxidation reaction from chromium III to chromium VI. In basic solutions, the oxidation of CrIII to CrVI by oxidants such as peroxides and hypohalide occurs with ease [2]. Such strong oxidation conditions are realized in the process of the sterilization of drinking water. This is the first threat to human health and life. Rain (especially acid rain) can leach chromium III from waste dumps, and soluble salts can then reach sources of drinking water. During the sterilization process by ozone or hypochloride, chromium III is converted into chromium VI and reacts with magnesium and calcium ions occurring in drinking water to produce carcinogenic magnesium and calcium chromate or dichromate salts. Another problem concerns the possibility of oxidation of CrIII into CrVI in gentle conditions by air in the wide range of pH. Principally, oxidation can be realized after the following equations: According to the European Commission (EC) the quantities of solid waste produced by tanneries depend on the type of leather processed, the source of hides and skins, and the techniques applied [2]. On an average, at the end of the process, about 20% of the weight of the raw hides is (grain side) leather [2]. On the other hand, in Rio Grande do Sul, approximately 40% of the initial raw material is transformed into solid and liquid wastes [3]. In the tanning industry, raw skin is transformed into leather by means of a series of chemical and mechanical operations [4,5]. Chromium salts (in particular, chromium sulfate) are the most widely used tanning substances today. Hides that have been tanned with chromium salts have a good mechanical resistance, an extraordinary dyeing suitability and a better hydrothermal resistance in comparison with hides treated with plant substances. Chromium salts also have a high rate of penetration into the inter fibrillar spaces of the skin, what represents a saving in terms of production time and a better control of the process [6]. In Brazil, approximately 90% of the leather industry uses chromium in hide processing, resulting in hazardous The conventional tannery methods lead to discharge of solutions with chromium concentrations in the range of 1500–4000 mg/l. The specification for the discharge of chromium containing liquid wastes stipulates a range of 0. 3–2 mg/l [21]. The tanning treatments to produce the wet blue leather yield sludge containing approximately 3% (w/w) of chromium [9]. The method commonly used for this waste disposal presents high operational costs. The production of chromium containing leather wastes (including chrome shavings and tanned splits) in leather industry has been recognized as a real problem for many years [ref]. The chromium leather wastes are generated principally during mechanical treatments carried out after tanning process. In this latter, chromium is bound with the collagen matrix, by cross linking with collagen carboxylic groups through coordinate covalent linkage [6–10]. The final chemical structure of the waste illustrated in Eq. (1), is obtained through two chemical phenomena â€Å"olation and oxolation†. As reported by numerous authors [6–12], the olation phenomenon is observed gradually with the increase of the alkalinity of the tanning medium. The olified complex continues its evolution through time and an acid discharge takes place while the oxygen-chrome coordinate links are transformed into covalent links (oxolation bridges) Eq. The great stability of the collagen–chromium complex produced makes the waste a non-biodegradable and toxic material, due to the chromium and nitrogen content about 4. 3% and 14%, respectively [13,14]. A large amount of waste still goes into land disposal [15]. Incineration in air atmosphere generates other forms of residual pollutant (gaseous emission and ashes) more noxious [16–21] The solid wastes generated _presented in Table 1. from leather industry can be broadly classified as untanned collagenous, tanned collagenous and non-proteinous wastes. Among the tanned collagenous waste, the one resulting from the finishing operation called buffing dust draws the most attention from the public and pollution control authorities. Buffing dust appears in a considerable proportion with processing of raw hides skins _i. e. 2–6 kg per ton of raw hides skins.. Buffing dust is a micro fined solid particulate impregnated with chromium, synthetic fat, oil, tanning agents and dye chemicals. Buffing dust carries about 2. 7% chromium on dry weight basis. This is carcinogenic in nature and it causes clinical problems like respiratory tract ailments w1x, allergic dermatitis, ulcers, perforated nasal septum, kidney malfunctions w2x and lung cancer w3x in humans exposed to the environment containing buffing dust particulates. Hence, it is cautioned by pollution control authorities to collect the buffing dust for safety disposal. The current practice of disposing of buffing dust consists of: _i. incineration in incinerators, _ii. land co-disposal w4–12x. Incineration causes serious air pollution problems because of release of toxic So and No gases w13x, and it has been observed x x that at 8008C, about 40% of Cr_III. is converted into Cr_VI. during the incineration of Cr laden solid waste w14x. The tanning industry is familiar with its being a potentially pollution-intensive industry. The nvironmental impacts from tanneries result from liquid, solid and gaseous waste streams. It must be emphasized that 4million tones of solid waste per year is generated by the global tannery industry [6]. According to the estimation of Sreeram et al. , about 0. 8 million tons of chromium tanned shavings are generated per year globally [7]. The solid wastes from tannery industries may have significant Cr (III) conten t. Even though Cr (III) is viewed as not toxic, possible oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), due to the acid rains or incineration, threats the environment since Cr(VI) is a more toxic species. Therefore, the conventional disposal methods, land-filling and incineration, cannot be considered a solution to the disposal problem of tanned leather wastes in eco-friendly manner. In literature, there are many studies on the treatment of tanned leather wastes mainly including the extraction of chromium from wastes to re-use in the tanning process [8,9] and isolation of protein fractions [10,11]. The tanning industry generates a huge quantum of liquid and solid wastes while producing finished leather. Tanning is the main process followed in leather manufacturing that protects the leather against some environmental effects such as microbial degradation, heat, sweat or moisture, etc [1]. In tanning industry raw skins/hides are transformed into leather by means of a series of chemical and mechanical operations [2,3]. The tanning process is usually accomplished in three distinct phases, i. e. , preparation of the raw live stock to tan with tanning agents, tanning with mineral/vegetable tanning agents and post tanning to impart colour to finished leather. Basic chromium sulfate is the most widely used tanning agent for converting putrescible collagen fibres into non-putrescible leather matrix. Chrome tanned leathers have improved mechanical resistance, extraordinary dyeing suitability and better hydrothermal resistance in comparison with vegetable tanned leather. The solid wastes generated from leather industry can be broadly classified into untanned collagenous, tanned collagenous and non-proteinaceous wastes. Among the tanned collagenous waste, the one resulting from the finishing operation is called chrome buffing dust (CBD). CBD is a micro fined solid particulate impregnated with chromium, synthetic fat, oil, tanning agents and dye chemicals. About 2–6 kg of CBD is generated as a solid waste per ton of skin/hide processed. CBD contains chromium, it is carcinogenic in nature and it causes clinical problems like respiratory tract ailments, ulcers, perforated nasal septum, kidney malfunction [4] and lung cancer [5] in humans exposed to the environment containing buffing dust particulates. Hence, it is advised by pollution control authorities to collect the CBD for safe disposal. The current methods for disposing buffing dust are land codisposal and thermal incineration. Land co-disposal method is not preferred for the reasons such as overall high pollution emissions and low energy recovery. The leather industry generates a large amount of a Cr-containing solid waste (wet blue leather), with approximately 3% (w/w) of chromium. However, the leather industry has commonly been associated with high pollution due to the bad smell, organic wastes and high water consumption caused during traditional manufacturing processes [2]. Different forms of waste in quality and quantity, which emerge during the transformation of hides and skins into leathers in thousands of leather factories, from primitive to modern all around the world, have negative impacts on the environment. According to the data received from the studies of several researchers, approximately 200 kg of leather is manufactured from 1 tone of wet-salted hide [1-3]. This amount constitutes about 20% of rawhide weight. More than 600 kg of solid waste is generated during the transformation of Raw hide into leather. That is to say, solid wastes containing protein and fat that constitute more than 60% of rawhide weight are disposed to the environment by leather factories without turning them to good use In other words, besides the 30-35m3 waste water disposed to environment during the processing of every 1 ton of rawhide in world leather industry, the data from FAO reveals that approximately 8. 5 million tons of solid waste is generated during the production of 11 million tons of raw hide processed in the world [4]. Solid wastes generated by the leather industry in these stages of processes may be classified as follows: i. astes from untanned hides/skins (trimmings, fleshing wastes) ii. wastes from tanned leather (shaving wastes, buffing dust) iii. wastes from dyed and finished leather (trimmings from leather) Data obtained from research reveals that 80% of solid wastes are generated during pre-tanning processes, while 20% of the wastes are caused by post-tanning processes Due to the bad smell th ey produce during their putrefaction and their harmful chemical content, untanned hide/skin wastes have negative effects on the soil and/or water resources of the environment where they are discharged, in other words n the local plant flora and animal fauna. Therefore, uncontrolled discharge of such wastes should be prevented without taking adequate precautions. Legal arrangements gradually gaining speed all over the world enforce the leather industry to apply innovations in terms of reusing solid wastes generated during leather production processes such as fleshing, shaving, trimming and splits. Solid wastes create a major problem for leather industry in terms of both their variety and quantity. A high amount of reusable waste is generated in the leather industry. It is possible to recycle these products and even use them as raw materials for different industries [7]. The variety and quantity of solid wastes depends on animal species, breeding conditions, slaughterhouse practices, conservation conditions, leather process stages, mechanical operations, qualification of the personnel, and chemicals used in processes. Yet this fact causes uncertainties in reusing the generated wastes.

buy custom Maternal Child Nursing Care essay

buy custom Maternal Child Nursing Care essay 1) Explain why antibiotics cannot be used to treat acute respiratory tract infections? a) Acute respiratory infections are viral. b) Antibiotics are associated with numerous side effects. c) Organisms responsible for the infections are resistant to antibiotics d) Acute respiratory tract infections are incurable Answer A Acute respiratory infections are viral. Rationale Most of the respiratory tract infections are viral and assigning antibiotics is unnecessary. Conditions can be managed by use of analgesics, decongestants and supportive therapy. 2) Nasal pharyngitis is highly contagious. Choose the way of preventing its spread from answers outlined below. a) Carefully disposing materials like tissues. b) Avoid sharing eating utensils. c) Washing hands thoroughly after nose blowing. d) All the above Answer D Rationale All the above methods can be used to prevent the spread of nasal pharyngitis. 3) Why do children have larger tonsils than adults? a) They are more susceptible to URIs than adults. b) Tonsils undergo enlargement after birth c) Prevalence of tonsillitis in infants causes enlargement d) Tonsils shrink as people get older. Answer A They are more susceptible to URIs than adults Rationale The larger tonsils offer the much needed protection from URIs. Immunity in children is less effective than that in adults. 4) How can pneumonia be prevented in infants and children? a) Treatment using antibiotics. b) Avoiding overcrowded places c) Through vaccination. d) None of the above Answer C Through the vaccination Rationale Vaccination can be done using heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (recommended for infants and children below 23months). Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine provides protection in children above 24 months. 5) Children with HIV are more likely to be diagnosed with TB, explain why. a) Low immunity b) TB is an opportunistic disease c) HIV and TB are caused by similar organism d) HIV is a precursor for TB infections Answer A Low immunity Buy custom Maternal Child Nursing Care essay

Lexicalization Definition and Examples

Lexicalization Definition and Examples ...Lexicalization is the process of making a word to express a concept. Verb: lexicalize. Here are some examples and observations from experts and other writers: Examples and Observations The OED (1989) defines lexicalize (1) as to accept into the lexicon, or vocabulary, of a language, and lexicalization as the action or process of lexicalizing. In this sense simple and complex words, native as well as loanwords can be lexicalized. Thus, Lyons (1968:352) says that the relationship of the transitive (and causative) concept of to cause someone to die is expressed by a separate word, to kill (someone). Quirk et al. (1985:1525f.) restrict lexicalization to words formed by word-formation processes, explaining it as the process of creating a new word (a complex lexical item) for a (new) thing or notion instead of describing this thing or notion in a sentence or with a paraphrase. The use of words is more economical because they are shorter than the corresponding (underlying) sentences or paraphrases, and because they can be more easily used as elements of sentences. Thus one does not say someone who writes a book [...] for someone else, who then often pretends it is their o wn work, one says ghostwriter instead . . ..(Hans Sauer, Lexicalization and Demotivation. Morphology: An International Handbook on Inflection and Word-Formation, ed. by Christian Lehmann, G. E. Booij, Joachim Mugdan, and Wolfgang Kesselheim. Walter de Gruyter, 2004) Lexicalization and Idioms Despite a certain lack of consensus about the meaning of idiom, the identification of lexicalization with idiomatization is widespread . . .. Indeed, according to Lehmann (2002:14) idiomatization IS lexicalization in the sense of coming to belong to an inventory, and Moreno Cabrera (1998:214) points to idioms as the best examples of lexicalization. Lipka (1992:97) cites examples such as wheelchair, pushchair, and trousersuit, which have specific and unpredictable meanings. Bussmann [1996] considers idiomatization to be the diachronic element of lexicalization, which occurs when the original meaning can no longer be deduced from its individual elements or the original motivation of [a] unit can only be reconstructed through historical knowledge, as in the case of neighbor, cupboard, or mincemeat...Bauer identifies a subtype of lexicalization which he calls semantic lexicalization (1983:55-59), instancing compounds such as blackmail, mincemeat, townhouse, and butterfly or derivatives s uch as unquiet, gospel, and inspector which lack semantic compositionality (because semantic information has been either added or subtracted). Antilla (1989 [1972]:151) adduces examples such as sweetmeat, nutmeat, Holy Ghost spirit, widows weeds clothes, and fishwife, which are morphologically transparent but semantically opaque as instances of lexicalization. (Laurel J. Brinton and Elizabeth Closs Traugott, Lexicalization And Language Change. Cambridge University Press, 2005) It is important to note, however, that idiomatization is only one aspect of lexicalization, which is why the two terms should not be used interchangeably (as is sometimes the case). Rather lexicalization has to be regarded as the cover term for a range of phenomena, semantic and non-semantic. Bauer (1983: 49) also emphasizes that opacity is not a necessary pre-requisite for lexicalization since [s]ome lexicalized forms [...] may remain perfectly transparent, e.g. warmthwhich must be considered lexicalized because the suffix -th cannot be added synchronically to an adjective to provide a noun.(Peter Hohenhaus, Lexicalization and Institutionalization. Handbook of Word-Formation, ed. by Pavol Ã…  tekauer and Rochelle Lieber. Springer, 2005) Pronunciation: lek-si-ke-le-ZAY-shun Alternate Spellings: lexicalisation

Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson Comparison Essay

Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson Comparison Essay Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson Comparison Essay Compare And Contrast The Life And Poetry Of Edgar Allan Poe And Emily Dickinson Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson are both famous writers whose lives greatly contributed to their style of poetry writing. Edgar Poe lost his parents at a tender age of three. Later in life he struggled with alcoholism and depression due to loneliness, which formed the basis of her poetry themes. Emily Dickinson was alone writer who rarely left his home and had no visitors. Poe’s poems are characterized by a common theme of horror because he focused on bringing out the poetic effect of structure and style. Dickinson’s poems were based on the theme of loneliness, domestic lifestyle and sentimentalism. Her poems were characterized by her upbringing lifestyle and the England seventeenth century the metaphysical poems. The two poets works were similar because their poems reflected upon their lifestyle, however, they contrasted whereby Poes poems were based on the theme of horror while Dickinson’s poems reflected about the traditional lifestyle that existed at the time. Emily Dickinson’s poems characterized by at least one or more themes such as death, nature, religion, eternity or love. Dickinson’s poems have varied themes combination or unique poetic voices. Her poems have a great sense of meditation such as There’s a certain Slant of Ligh.. I know that He exists is a poem whose main theme is skeptism. I’m Nobody! Who are you? And Papa above are characterized by embarrassing poetic appeal (Pollack 30). Dickinson’s poetic style was unique that all of her poems exhibit no form of linear development and liner punctuation hence her earlier poems are equally excellent as her later poems (MacNeil614). Dickinson is writing style is characterized by lack of punctual at the end of the line hence creating enjambments that form full stanzas. Her love for dashes a creates hiatus at end or midline (Juhasz 50) Some critics perceive that Dickinson’s works defy convention because they were written during the 19th century when most of the works by women lacked themes and form. Edgar Allan Poe was a reserved poet who wrote gothic poems using a supernatural style that enhanced the melodramatic within his works (Meyer 78). Poe’s poems are characterized by a musical effect of words to the reader’s emotion as in the poem The Raven. Poe’s poems are characterized by a gloomy and threading tone. His poems lean towards tradition while maintaining gothic aspects with melodramatic, strange or evil happenings (Lovercraft 46). Poe’s horror and lack of love themes are believed to have been his personal reflection according to the lonely life that he lived. The theme of death is attributed to his sorrows after he lost his parents at a very tender age of three. Poe and Dickinson’s pomes were characterized by traditional writing styles and they all reflected upon the poet’s lonely lives. Both poets exhibited good poetic writing styles with a theme of death and lack of love. The pomes’ excellent writing style resulted in emotional poems. On the contrary, Poe was an excellent gothic poet whose poems are characterized by death, horror and uncertainty. Dickson’s poems are characterized by themes such as death, nature, religion, eternity or love although they were emotional but not horrific. Do you need quality compare and contrast essay help from academic writers? Just contact our custom writing service and get a custom comparison paper written from scratch!

Explorations of Tessellated forms for Architecture Application Essay

Explorations of Tessellated forms for Architecture Application - Essay Example The design principles upon which the urban landscape depends touch every aspect of modern life, from the aesthetics involved in fashion or jewellery, to the functional tools developed for mechanical or surgical work. Similar design elements and technological solutions are applied which can inform urban design and architectural theories that shape our living environments. Design, architecture, and art embrace the new advances described during the course of this analysis to create potential for a new dimension of design techniques applicable not only in architecture, but throughout a wide range of disciplines. This study will explore a possible future of architecture made available through the adaptation of two relatively novel scientific concepts: 3-D printing and tessellation. In a broad sense, the theories of tessellation will be explored at length, combined with the new possibilities inherent in 3-D printing. The theoretical principles of tessellation are extremely applicable to the technology of 3-D printing, due to the ability to repeat the same procedures many times to make perfect copies of the design. This investigation will explore possible developments of this design system for use in architecture. In terms of current trends in Australian architecture, it is necessary to remain cognizant of the after effects of the recent global financial crisis, though these issues have affected Australia somewhat less than other countries. Regardless, it is inevitable that an interconnected global economy will still impact every other economy, especially in developed countries. Markets affecting new buildings and home design are strongly influenced by the electronic dissemination of information about new technologies around the world, and as a result, demand exists for structural flexibility as well as quality 1. Adaptation of new technologies can meet

English writting and reading experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English writting and reading experience - Essay Example Their childish actions left me feeling depressed and mad. The United States is noted for being a globally diverse country and accepting of cultural diversity as it assimilates into their own culture. However, the way I was being treated and what I saw in the actions of my classmates turned out to be the exact opposite of this idealistic dream. I was not treated with respect at all considering that I was a new foreign student at their school. Later on I realized that I was being ridiculed precisely because of that. I was a foreign student who could not express myself in English fluently. I came from another country whose culture and traditions these students did not understand nor obviously respect. My family has always valued the importance of a good education. We have always given emphasis to reading, comprehension, and writing skills in our learning activities due to its importance in our daily lives and interaction with people. As far back as I can remember, I have always been interested in learning about anything and everything that I could see, hear, or feel. During my educational lifetime, I have met many teachers whose influence on my learning abilities have varied from positive to negative. I have had teachers who influenced and encouraged me to learn as much as I could about certain things, and I had teachers whose strictness and unfriendliness caused me to retreat from learning about certain things altogether. I believe a lot of people have the experience of ridicule at some point in their lives by people who could negatively affect their learning process. People judge and stereotype others based upon their education, property, race and looks, making it difficult for them to control their words and deeds. My parents had been ridiculed during their time as well but they learned from those people who judged them or made fun of them. What my father taught me was that a

US aiding other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US aiding other countries - Essay Example Before we begin to discuss the negative consequences of aid, it is important to examine some of the good aspects, in order to dismiss them in the larger scheme of things. First, there are many current instances where the US has gone far in providing relief to the suffering countries. The US military worked harder than that of any other nation in aiding Pakistan to combat the flood disaster which the country has faced recently (Ignatius). An amount of almost $362 million has been spent by the helping nation which has saved over 20,000 flood victims in Pakistan (Ignatius). Indeed, our current president is a big supporter of this style of friendly aid. These are all positive aspects of American foreign policy and are heartwarming. It often goes to help people who are truly in need. This is the good side of aid which everyone supports. But this is far from representing the true aspect of aid which we must face if we are fully understand how negative aid can be on a developing country. In deed, this positive aspect is a kind of mask which aid wears in order to hide its negative side. The truth is that much foreign aid is wasted. The best examples of this can be found in Africa. Africa is certainly one of the world’s wealthiest continents. It has large amounts of oil, timber, and precious metals. Its people are very intelligent and hardworking. Countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Nigeria have so many resources that it is logical for them to have powerful, vibrant economies. Really, these countries should be the richest in the world. However, this is not the case. All three of these countries have problems with corruption. And their situation is not unique: many African countries rate very high on Transparency International’s list of the world’s most corrupt countries. This is a sad but true fact. Many experts agree that corruption is holding Africa back. But where does corruption come from and

How to use a Gold in Wind Turbines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to use a Gold in Wind Turbines - Essay Example This report focuses on wind turbines, their design and how they can be redesigned using gold in order to increase their efficiency. Introduction The use of wind turbines to harness wind power is not a new technology. It is a concept that has been in operation since as the 7th century. To date, the wind turbines have become a familiar picture with their purpose being simple: to harvest the energy possessed by wind. Wind turbines differ in size depending on the required amount of energy. All wind turbines are made up of 4 major parts; rotor blades, nacelle unit, base and tower ((Energy Center of Wisconsin 1). However, due to the technological advancements, various changes are been made in the design and choice of components in an attempt to increase its efficiency. The following report explains how gold can be used in a wind turbine in order to increase its efficiency. Breakdown of the major parts of a wind turbine As stated earlier, wind turbines come in different sizes depending on t he energy requirements. There are four crucial parts that are essential in any wind turbine. These are rotor blades, nacelle, support tower and the foundation/base as shown in the following figure. Figure 1: The major components of a wind turbine system (Alternative energy eMagazine 7) 1. ... Rotation of the blades makes the turbine rotate thus capturing the kinetic energy contained in the wind (Energy Center of Wisconsin 2). 2. The Nacelle This part can be referred to as the ‘engine system’ of the wind turbine. It houses the generator and the gearbox that are connected to the rotor blades through a shaft and system of gears. The gears are used to increase the rotation speed of the blades. Rotation of the blades results in rotation of the generator. The generator converts the kinetic energy possessed in the wind into electrical energy (Energy Center of Wisconsin 3). 3. Support Tower They are elevated a few feet from the ground and are used to hoist the rotor blades and the nacelle unit to heights where there is likely to be little barriers to wind motion. The most common design is a round steel cylinder. It also houses the electrical conduits and also contains a ladder running outside it to provide access to the rotor blades and nacelle unit for maintenance a nd repair services (Energy Center of Wisconsin 4). 4. Base/Foundation The base is constructed using concrete that is reinforced with steel bars. The foundation holds the entire system in position thus is constructed with utmost caution. Choice of Materials for each component 1. Rotor Blades As stated earlier, the blades may be made from fiberglass, plastic, or metal. Regardless of the material used, the blades must be designed to capture the maximum surface area of the wind. They are also designed using a light weight material that is also durable and corrosion resistant. For this reason, most blades are made from reinforced plastic and fiberglass (Layton 5). 2. Nacelle unit In this unit, the major components are the generator and the gear box

Information Systems Project ,, application design Research Proposal

Information Systems Project ,, application design - Research Proposal Example Following these needs, it is paramount that businesses and non-business establishments to develop technical solutions aimed at meeting customer needs at all times. Hence, this is a research proposal which seeks to authenticate the validity of developing web-based mobile application whose purpose is to ensure customers are able to follow up events that matter to them such as the schedule of favorite movie at the cinema, where to buy tickets for major sporting events, and finding business establishments such as supermarkets, medical facilities, and grocery stores through the use of an integrated map and navigation tools. The need for faster service delivery is a universal business consideration that take into account the need for better time management. Based on this need, a proposal for the development of a website that intends to serve specific customer requirements such as navigating through busy streets to access services such as therapists, dentists, restaurants, and restaurant menus developed to facilitate better time management and self-efficiency for customers from all around the City of Riyadh. The functionality of the website, which will have the potential of being ported into a mobile application will take into consideration the aspect of navigation through real-time city maps showing categories of establishments meeting a customer’s needs. The project’s aim will be to integrate the concept of shared local experience targeting Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, customers such that business establishments and the customers are connected through a virtual network facilitating better time management, flawless navigation through busy city streets, accounting for clicks per page for businesses that will integrate their services and product offers to the proposed website and subsequent mobile application. The mobile application development will take into consideration the most popular mobile operating systems

Issues in human resource management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in human resource management - Assignment Example The industry faced major difficulties in generating revenue from the organisation. Reduced tourists and increased costs have affected the revenue growth for the industry. This situation was experienced by Hilton Worldwide, one of the biggest hotel chains based in the United States (Scribd Inc., 2012). Hilton Worldwide employs more than 100,000 team members in 665 properties across different nations (Hilton Worldwide, 2012). Thus, the costs incurred in managing human capital is huge and has become a concerning factor for the hotel chain. Three key issues that have been identified, do not imply only for the Hilton Worldwide, but is applicable throughout the industry. The issues that have emerged due to the recent recession include the transition and resistance of the employees, training and development costs, and engagement and commitment towards an organisation. Recession has discouraged companies to spend unnecessary costs for the top level managers, such as, official tours, business trips and corporate meetings that have indirectly affected the hospitality and tourism industry worldwide. The study surveys these issues through theoretical studies and practical implementations and finds different ways to tackle them. Furthermore, managing and retaining human capital cost effectively in the recession affected period will be discussed. HR Issue 1: Transition and Resistance Change is a common aspect for all organisations irrespective of countries of operation. The change can be in the processes, style of operating and implementing modern techniques among others that the leaders feel is essential for an organisation. As identified by Helps (2001), being in transition is often uncomfortable, uncertain and inconsistent. She further states that organisations face obstructions at different points or remain stagnant for considerable periods at a stage. Moreover, she stated that psychological factors do emerge in the minds of the employees while undergoing personal change for the organisation. Thus, it can be proposed that leaders should keep the psychological factors, such as depression, anger, disbelief and few more barriers that concern the employees going through the transitional phase. According to Elrod & Tippett (2002), change is constant that arises due to the variety in life and business events. They discuss the relationship between change and development models and recognise the link between leader and organisational development. Furthermore, they use Lewin’s model of change, unfreezing-moving-refreezing the three stages of change process. Lewin in his theory stated that in the unfreezing stage the organisations need to create an appropriate condition for the change to occur. At this stage, the resistance to change may be identical and initially can cause discomfort to even the beneficial employees. The objective of this stage is to make employees move from the ‘frozen’ state to ‘change ready’ or unfrozen s tate. The second stage i.e. moving or transition stage is described as the journey of the transitional process that involves psychological barriers and confusions. Employees are concerned as the old processes are being replaced and simultaneously curious for knowing the new process. Good leadership and psychological support is essential in this stage. The third stage is referred to refreezing stage where the goal is to reinstate a new place of constancy and ensure that

Information Systems Project ,, application design Research Proposal

Information Systems Project ,, application design - Research Proposal Example Following these needs, it is paramount that businesses and non-business establishments to develop technical solutions aimed at meeting customer needs at all times. Hence, this is a research proposal which seeks to authenticate the validity of developing web-based mobile application whose purpose is to ensure customers are able to follow up events that matter to them such as the schedule of favorite movie at the cinema, where to buy tickets for major sporting events, and finding business establishments such as supermarkets, medical facilities, and grocery stores through the use of an integrated map and navigation tools. The need for faster service delivery is a universal business consideration that take into account the need for better time management. Based on this need, a proposal for the development of a website that intends to serve specific customer requirements such as navigating through busy streets to access services such as therapists, dentists, restaurants, and restaurant menus developed to facilitate better time management and self-efficiency for customers from all around the City of Riyadh. The functionality of the website, which will have the potential of being ported into a mobile application will take into consideration the aspect of navigation through real-time city maps showing categories of establishments meeting a customer’s needs. The project’s aim will be to integrate the concept of shared local experience targeting Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, customers such that business establishments and the customers are connected through a virtual network facilitating better time management, flawless navigation through busy city streets, accounting for clicks per page for businesses that will integrate their services and product offers to the proposed website and subsequent mobile application. The mobile application development will take into consideration the most popular mobile operating systems

Draft of Song of Solomon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Draft of Song of Solomon - Essay Example It is about enslavement and the people who tried to escape slavery and try to find their roots back in Africa. In this book the protagonist is Milkman, a young man brought up in a wealthy family but with parents who do not love each other anymore. This is shown when Milkman’s father hits Ruth. Milkman complains to his friend guitar that certain things are making him angry and getting to him. He says, â€Å"I don’t know, guitar. Things seem to be getting to me, you know?†(Morrison, 152).Macon loves money and he loves property. His money has made him oblivious to other people’s problems. He wants his son to be just like him and surely Milkman behaves just like his father. He’s wealthy background makes him oblivious of the black oppression. Furthermore, he has money to spend on women thus treats them with little disregard. This paper is going to discuss how Milkman overcame this lifestyle to become a fully transformed man. Milkman is flawed and this is enhanced by the amount of money his father has. As a matter of fact it is the wealthy background that gives milkman his attitude. Just like his father, milkman is obsessed with money and tends to reason like a white man.Milkman believes in the power of money to gain him freedom and power in life. This is because he uses money to get the things he needs like buying alcohol, women and having a good time, thus he only believes I the power of money. In line with this thinking, he becomes a rude, mean and a dangerous person. His dangerous personality is witnessed when he hits his father for hitting his mother. We see him complain to his friend Guitar ,â€Å"Your daddy slapped your mama, right?†, â€Å"Right.Right.† (Morrison,152).However, he is not dangerous in a bad way like in being violent and murderous. He is just a man who likes to have control of situations and want things to happen his way. Milkman is also a womanizer a trait he enjoyed with guitar his poor friend. He has money and money buys him

Middle School and Happiness Essay Example for Free

Middle School and Happiness Essay Happiness comes in all shapes and sizes. What makes you happy may not make someone else happy. The idea of happiness may not be the same for any two people, or maybe not for anyone you come across with. Happiness is an emotion causes by thousands of things. It is an abstract idea that cannot be fully described. What makes you happy changes as you get older, you do not like the same things your whole life so it is normal that your interests start to change. Like mentioned before not everyone has the same interests and cannot feel happiness from the same things. From firsthand experience I can say that I am the perfect example of finding different happiness. They have changed from my years in elementary school, middle school, and high school. Let’s start with elementary school. When I was in elementary school what brought me happiness was having time to spend at my friend’s house after school. Because I lived far away from the school that I attended I didn’t really know anyone in my neighborhood. There were days though that my parents would let me go to a friend’s house and stay there for a few hours while they got out of work. I didn’t have to be at my grandma’s house bored so that made me really happy, and I had a lot of fun while I was there so that made it even better. Another thing that made me feel happiness was being able to go two days out of the week to band practice. I liked being able to play my instrument and making beautiful sound come out of something so little. Playing with the band was my thing I could not stop smiling and feeling all this joy inside as I played. When the director put his arms up and signaled us to start playing was so thrilling knowing that we were about to make beautiful music all together. I think back and see how simple things made me really happy as a child. Now let’s talk about middle school. While I was in middle school I was still in band and yes it still brought me happiness. The main thing that brought me happiness while I was in middle school was being a little more free from home and my parents. If I remember correctly it was seventh grade that I went to my first dance, you can imagine my excitement. When I was at the dance my friends and I were having a great time, we were laughing and  dancing the whole time. Because it was my first dance it was a very fun time, and it brought so much happiness to be able to share that experience with my friends. When I was in high school all of my interests changed and even now I have the same interests. I found my passion for singing so I auditioned to join the school choir and I made it. Being in choir class was the best thing that I did when I was in high school. The happiness that I felt when I walked into that class every day I have no words to describe it. To top it all off when I started to sing and hear the chords we would all make together gave me the chills. There was not a single day that passed where hearing myself and others around me sing was not magical. When I would have a bad day I waited for third period to talk into class grab my folder from my cubic and start to sing and just forget about everything. Music was my escape from being upset, it was the way for me to forget about what was going on in my life. The happiness I felt was so great, even now I turn to music for help and comfort. In conclusion, happiness is an abstract emotion that cannot be easily defined. Not everyone feels happiness in the exact same way or from the same things. But no matter where our happiness comes from we all feel it. We feel it as kids, as teenagers, and as adults. Even though what causes us happiness may change the characteristics of it do not. The smile, the giggle, and the butterflies in your stomach do not disappear. From firsthand experience I know that we all go through phases, but not matter how old we get, we are always going to be happy.

Making the World Safe for Baseball :: Sports History Athletics Essays

Making the World Safe for Baseball The national pastime, organized baseball’s self-proclaimed moniker, represented an important American institution as the Great War began to enmesh Europe. The game’s association with democracy bred a poignant sense of patriotism among the players, fans, and other baseball aficionados as the conflict slowly ensnared the United States. Around the country, reporters emphasized baseball’s important role in the impending European conflict: in the New York Times, Benjamin DeCasseres wrote, â€Å"the world ought to be made safe for baseball,† since, as long as baseball embodied American democracy, â€Å"the Kaisers and the Trotskys would strike out.†[1] Accordingly, notes Richard Crepeau, the game â€Å"took its role in the First World War quite seriously,† identifying itself as the â€Å"game of democracy.†[2] In his analysis, Crepeau stresses the sport’s willingness to accept the Great War and the government’s mobilizatio n efforts as both â€Å"good for America†¦and good for baseball.†[3] Harold Seymour, on the other hand, claims organized baseball demanded special favors and considerations from the government while maintaining an air of allegiance and patriotism.[4] An examination of Baseball Magazine, a premier baseball publication during this period, validates the latter argument, revealing the sport’s simultaneous claims of support for and exemption from the war effort. Up until President Woodrow Wilson’s declaration of war, organized baseball remained rather detached from the European situation. Despite the war’s emerging influence on the affairs of the country, the World Series of 1915, columnist F.C. Lane reported, represented a week in which the â€Å"united American people† could â€Å"forget the war†¦and talk and eat and dream of baseball and who will win the all important series.†[5] As the baseball season reopened the following April, the sport possessed an aloofness not uncommon throughout the rest of American society. An interview with Detroit Tigers star Ty Cobb demonstrates this position. Refusing to take sides in the European conflict while placing blame for belligerency on the continent’s imperial heritage, Cobb states, â€Å"No, I haven’t any decided notions in favor of either side. I believe the conflict was inevitable, according to the system followed by both parties in Europe.†[6] The editors of the publication seemed to agree with such detachment by proclaiming a moral supremacy reminiscent of President Wilson’s own rhetoric. While Europe impeded civilization’s progress, according to one columnist, America’s growing acceptance of Sunday baseball represented a most telling and â€Å"hopeful sign of that progress.

The Emotion, Imagination and Complexity of Wordsworth and Coleridge :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Emotion, Imagination and Complexity of Wordsworth and Coleridge      Ã‚  Ã‚   The 19th century was heralded by a major shift in the conception and emphasis of literary art and, specifically, poetry. During the 18th century the catchphrase of literature and art was reason. Logic and rationality took precedence in any form of written expression. Ideas of validity and aesthetic beauty were centered around concepts such as the collective "we" and the eradication of passion in human behavior. In 1798 all of those ideas about literature were challenged by the publication of Lyrical Ballads, which featured the poetry of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Wordsworth and Coleridge both had strong, and sometimes conflicting, opinions about what constituted well-written poetry. Their ideas were centered around the origins of poetry in the poet and the role of poetry in the world, and these theoretical concepts led to the creation of poetry that is sufficiently complex to support a wide variety of critical readings in a modern context.    Wordsworth wrote a preface to Lyrical Ballads in which he puts forth his ideas about poetry. His conception of poetry hinges on three major premises. Wordsworth asserts that poetry is the language of the common man:    To this knowledge which all men carry about with them, and to these sympathies in which without any other discipline than that of our daily life we are fitted to take delight, the poet principally directs his attention. (149)    Poetry should be understandable to anybody living in the world. Wordsworth eschews the use of lofty, poetic diction, which in his mind is not related to the language of real life. He sees poetry as acting like Nature, which touches all living things and inspires and delights them. Wordsworth calls for poetry to be written in the language of the "common man," and the subjects of the poems should also be accessible to all individuals regardless of class or position. Wordsworth also makes the points that "poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility" (151). These two points form the basis for Wordsworth's explanation of the process of writing poetry. First, some experience triggers a transcendent moment, an instance of the sublime. The senses are overwhelmed by this experience; the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" leaves an individual incapable of articulating the true nature and beauty of the event.

Big Bazaar Report

INTRODUCTION Big bazaar is a hyper market chain owned by the Pantaloons Retail India Limited, with currently more than 50 outlets in metros, medium, and small cities. Big Bazaar combines the look and feel of Indian bazaars with aspect of modern retail like choice, convenience, and hygiene. It works on the same economy model like Wal Mart, and has had considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. The idea was pioneered by entrepreneur Kishore Biyani, the head of Pantaloons Retail India Limited. Big Bazaar is not just another hyper market, it caters to every need of your family.Where Big Bazaar scores over other stores is its value for money proposition for the Indian customers . At Big Bazaar, you will definitely get the best products at the best prices – That is what they guarantee. With the ever increasing array of private labels, it has opened the doors into the world of fashion and general merchandise including home furnishings, utensils, crockery, cutlery, sp orts goods and much more at prices that will surprise you. And this is just the beginning. Big Bazaar plans to add much more to complete your shopping experience. Living up to its motto of   Isse sasta aur accha kahin nahi† All products in Big Bazaar will be available at prices lower than the MRP, often up to 60% discount. In addition to this, various offers, discounts and promotions will be regularly held at the store. The consumer will experience a new level of standard in price, convenience and comfort, quality, quantity, and store service levels. BIG BAZAAR in its true hyper market model will offer all of the above for both leading brands and also for its private labels. There are many types of retail format available in India like grocery store to mall.They have different types of market for the business. Among of all this format of retail big bazaar is the successful retail format in Indian retail industry. In past Indian customer only familiar with the nearby convince store but day to day innovation and customer awareness. Now in a day’s customer are more aware about shopping. Kishor biyani create a bench mark in Indian retail industry by entering in Indian retail business. Big bazaar is one of them format of future group. Big bazaar deal with all kind of human being products starting from children to adult.Products are selling by the big bazaar like Grocery, plastic, electronics, apparels, footwear, food etc. Mainly these sections are there in big bazaar: * Food Bazaar: Different departments Of Food Bazaar are as follow: * Vegetable * Chill Station * Golden Harvest * Head To Toe * Fruit * Ready To Eat * General Merchandise In General Merchandise Department different departments are as follow: * Crockery * Plastic * Utensil * Home leanon * Electronics * Depot * Stationery * Mobile * Apparels In Apparels Department different departments are as follows: * Footwear * Mans and ladies accessories Toys * Kid’s ware * Men’s ware * Ladies ware * Imitation jewellery The heart of the big bazaar is its ware house. Operation is start from the ware house. It is very important part of entire big bazaar process. â€Å"Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi† punch line of the big bazaar suggest itself that good quality at lowest price products are sell by the big bazaar There are 89 BIG BAZAAR are available in india. Big Bazaar is not just another hypermarket. It caters to every need of your family. Where Big Bazaar scores over other stores is its value for money proposition for the Indian customers.At Big Bazaar, you will definitely get the best products at the best prices – that’s what they guarantee. With the ever increasing array of private labels, it has opened the doors into the world of fashion and general merchandise including home furnishings, utensils, crockery, cutlery, sports goods and much more as mentioned above at prices that will surprise you. And this is just the beginning. Big Bazaar p lans are to add much more to complete your shopping experience. TIMELINE 2001 Three Big Bazaar stores launched within a span of 22 days in Kolkata, Bangalore and Hyderabad. 2002Big Bazaar – ICICI Bank Card is launched. Food Bazaar becomes part of Big Bazaar with the launch of the first store in Mumbai at High Street Phoenix. 2003 Big Bazaar enters Tier II cities with the launch of the store in Nagpur. Big Bazaar welcomes its 10 million-th customer at its new store in Gurgaon. 2004 Big Bazaar wins its first award and national recognition. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar awarded the country’s most admired retailer award in value retailing and Food retailing segment at the India Retail Forum. A day before Diwali, the store at Lower Parel becomes the first to touch `. 10million turnovers on a single day. 005 Initiates the implementation of SAP and pilots a RFID project at its central warehouse in Tarapur. Launches a unique shopping program: the Big Bazaar Exchange Offer, inviti ng customers to exchange household junk at Big Bazaar. Electronic Bazaar and Furniture Bazaar are launched. 2006 Mohan Jadhav sets a national record at Big Bazaar Sangli with a `. 1,37,367 shopping bill. The Sangli farmer becomes Big Bazaar’s largest ever customer. Big Bazaar launches Shakti, India’s first credit card program tailored for   housewives. Navaras–  the jewellery store launched within Big Bazaar stores. 007 The 50th Big Bazaar store is launched in Kanpur. Big Bazaar partners with Futurebazaar. com to launch India's most popular shopping portal. Big Bazaar initiates the Power of One campaign to help raise funds for the Save the Children India Fund. Pantaloon Retail wins the International Retailer of the Year at US-based National Retail Federation convention in New York and Emerging Retailer of the Year award at the World Retail Congress held in Barcelona. 2008 Big Bazaar becomes the fastest growing hypermarket format in the world with the launch of its 101st store within 7 years of launch.Big Bazaar dons a new look with a fresh new section, Fashion @ Big Bazaar. Big Bazaar joins the league of India’s Business Super brands. It is voted among the top ten service brands in the country in the latest Pitch-IMRB international survey. 2009 Big Bazaar initiates Maha Annasantarpane program at its stores in South India,   a unique initiative to offer meals to visitors and support local social organizations. Big Bazaar captures almost one-third share in food and grocery products sold through modern retail in India. 2010Future Value Retail Limited is formed as a specialized subsidiary to spearhead the Group’s value retail business through Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar and other formats. Big Bazaar wins CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards for the third consecutive year. Adjudged the most preferred Most Preferred Multi Brand Food ; Beverage Chain, Most Preferred Multi Brand Retail Outlet and Most Preferred Multi Brand One Stop Shop. Big Bazaar connects over 30,000 small and medium Indian manufacturers and entrepreneurs with around 200 million customers visiting its stores. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AT BIG BAZAARBIG BAZAAR MANIFESTO (Future Group) â€Å"Future† – the word which signifies optimism, growth, achievement, strength, beauty, rewards and perfection. Future encourages us to explore areas yet unexplored, write rules yet unwritten; create new opportunities and new successes. To strive for a glorious future brings to us our strength, our ability to learn, unlearn and re-learn, our ability to evolve. In Future Group will not wait for the Future to unfold itself but create future scenarios in the consumer space and facilitate consumption because consumption is development.Thereby, it will effect socio-economic development for our customers, employees, shareholders, associates and partners. Group vision Future Group shall deliver Everything, Everywhere, Every time for Every Indian Consumer in the mo st profitable manner. Group mission They share the vision and belief that their customers and stakeholders shall be served only by creating and executing future scenarios in the consumption space leading to economic development. They are infusing Indian brands with confidence and renewed ambition. They are efficient, cost- conscious and committed to quality in whatever they do.They ensure that their positive attitude, sincerity, humility and united determination shall be the driving force to make us successful. RECENT CHANGE IN RETAIL SECTOR March 21, 2013, ET The government plans to significantly liberalize Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) norms for single-brand retail to attract big bucks into the sector. The Finance ministry has asked the Department of Industrial policy and Promotion (DIPP) to amend the policy to allow single-brand retailers to bring different brands belonging to the same product line under one company.It has also asked DIPP – the government department that frames foreign investment rules in the country – to allow these retailers to sell different brands in the same store. A government official said the wordings of the present guidelines prevent, for example, a foreign high-street retailer from selling men's and women's clothes in the same store if their brand names are different. Moreover, the retailer needs to submit two different proposals under two different companies if it wants to sell both men's and women's apparel. If the same owner has an identical product line under a different brand name, why should he be required to set up a different company,† said a government official privy to the thinking of the finance ministry. The Foreign Investment Promotion Board, or FIPB, the inter-ministerial body that approves FDI proposals in the country, has received 63 proposals from single-brand retailers after FDI was allowed in the sector. While the rush of applications clearly signals the interest of foreign investors in the sector, most retailers want the policy to clearly allow them to sell their different brands in the same store. Any policy has to have that dynamism to address the requirements of the changing business requirement,† said the official quoted earlier. Independent experts welcomed the government rethink on the issue. â€Å"Ownership of several brands by an investor does not make it a multi-brand retailer†¦ The requirement to have separate companies for each brand merely creates incremental compliance and inefficiency of operations through multiple companies,† said Akash Gupt, executive director, PricewaterhouseCoopers.Several retailers such as Gap and Louis vuitto own multiple brands under a single company or investment group. Gap Inc. owns the Old Navy, Banana Republic, Piper lime and Athleta apparel brands besides the flagship Gap brand. Similarly, Louis Vuitton owns Fendi and Labelux owns Jimmy Choo and Belle. The government raised the FDI limit in single-brand ret ail to 100% in January 2012. The single-brand investment norms have already been tweaked once after Swedish furnishing major IKEA sought several changes while proposing its `. 0,000-crore investment. DDIP did away with the mandatory 30% sourcing requirement from small industries and also said the brand need not be owned by the investing company. Any entity with a valid agreement to sell the brand in India could seek a license under the policy. The government is keen to attract FDI as it will help it bridge the large current account deficit, and is taking measures to make the regime friendlier for foreign investors. It has decided to review and possibly abolish FDI caps in many sectors. FUTURE PLANS MUMBAI:Retail baron Kishor Biyani K Radhakrishnan has handpicked to drive a massive scale-up of his neighborhood stores chain KB's Fair Price, which he hopes will be as influential as Big Bazaar in a couple of years. Radhakrishnan, 54, who has been Future Fresh Food president, will now ta ke over as the CEO of KB's Fair Price, which plans to open more than 1,000 outlets in the next two years in Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, up from around 200 stores at present. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES * To study the services of Big Bazar. * To know the customers satisfaction level. * To know the expectation of customers.

Albert Camus The Stranger: Existentialism and Absurdism Essay

Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one’s acts. This philosophy is essentially the crux of the novel The Stranger and not only serves as one of the themes but probably the main reason Albert Camus wrote the book altogether. Presented in first person narration through the eyes of Meursault, the indifferent and apathetic main character, the novel serves to evoke the creed of existentialism through the embodiment of the philosophy in a person. Meursault’s speech, thought, and actions are what Camus believed a person who innately possessed the tenets of existentialism would have. Existentialism, what it represents, the results of its embodiment in a person, and the validity of the doctrine altogether are all important aspects explored in The Stranger by Albert Camus. â€Å"Maman died today or yesterday maybe, I don’t know†. These opening lines of the novel serve not only to introduce the novel but to summarize it as well. Rather than focusing on what is important-his mother’s death-Meursault is focused on when exactly she died; whether it was yesterday or today, since the telegraph only stated the funeral would be tomorrow. Right away, within the very first sentence, the reader is introduced to existentialism incarnate. Meursault exhibits a complete and utter indifference to life manifested by a profound lack of emotion. He doesn’t care when his mother died, in fact the fact that he has to attend the funeral altogether is the most troubling part of this whole ordeal to him. When he finally gets to the funeral, he couldn’t care less about his mother-as he rejects the offer to open the casket-but is utterly consumed by the days heat. Camus does a great job in the first part of the novel of demonstrating to the reader not only the philosophy of existentialism, but a corporal representation of it as well. This corporal representation of existentialism is what makes The Stranger the unique book it is. As opposed to the multitude of books and manifestos approaching existentialism from an academic perspective, The Stranger approaches the philosophy by detailing a character with the belief innately in him and showing how someone like this might behave. Neither the external world in which Meursault lives nor the internal world of his thoughts and attitudes possesses any rational order. Meursault has no discernable reason for his actions, such as his decision to marry Marie and his decision to kill the Arab. The book, narrated by Meursault, is basically life detailed superficially by him. He talks about the weather, the food he’s eating, about the things he did that day rather than how he feels or thinks of other people, places and things. This is how a person consumed with existentialism would behave and think-indifferently and apathetically. Meursault passes no judgment on people and is ultimate executed for killing an Arab for no apparent reason. The philosophy or theory of Existentialism is somewhat controversial, but nonetheless in many respects it has some notable and legitimate points. If one were to truly take a look at the universe, it would seem purposeless. And humans do in fact possess the innate desire, or rather compulsion, to explain things and have things figured out-thus explaining their need to associate a purpose with the universe, even when it doesn’t necessarily exist. But what made this theory come about in the 19th century when it could have been realized centuries before? The reason is the tragedy and devastation the world saw at this time-several world wars in specific. If we take a look at the life of Albert Camus himself, it’s hard to deny the fact that there is a connection between the existentialism’s inception and personal tragedy. In 1914, Camus’ Father was drafted into WWI and killed in France. In 1934 he Married Simone Hie, but divorced her two years later. In 1939 he volunteered for service in WWII, but was rejected due to illness. In 1940 he wrote an essay on the state of Muslims in Algeria causing him to lose his job and move to Paris. In 1941 he joined the French resistance against the Nazis and became an editor of Combat, an underground newspaper. These, as well as many other incidents and events in Camus’ life influenced him in the sense that they formed in him a bleak, pessimistic view of life. This perspective undoubtedly set the foundation for his adoption of the theory of existentialism. â€Å"If there is a sin against life, it consists perhaps not so much in despairing of life as in hoping for another life and in eluding the implacable grandeur of this life. † The point illuminated in this quote by Camus is that although some consider viewing life with despair to be wrong, or sinful, in reality hoping for an after life, â€Å"another life†, or living a life of implacable grandeur is the real sin. Camus held strong to the belief of Absurdism, or the belief that humanity’s effort to find meaning in the universe will ultimately fail-thus it is absurd to try to find meaning or to live as though there is a meaning because no such meaning exists. While Absurdism might seem like a synonym for Existentialism, the two are slightly different. Existentialism makes the point that there is no purpose or meaning in the universe. Absurdism goes a step further to say that not only is life purposeless, but any attempt at finding meaning is utterly absurd. Albert Camus, being the polarized man that he was, held more firmly to the belief of Absurdism than existentialism. In writing The Stranger, Albert Camus championed the idea of existentialism, a philosophy he truly believed in it. But the philosophy of existentialism is not free of criticism. Herbert Marcuse criticized existentialism, especially in Sartre’s Being and Nothingness, for projecting certain features of living in a modern, oppressive society, such as anxiety and meaninglessness, onto the nature of existence itself: â€Å"In so far as Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine, it remains an idealistic doctrine: it hypothesizes specific historical conditions of human existence into ontological and metaphysical characteristics. Existentialism thus becomes part of the very ideology which it attacks, and its radicalism is illusory† What Marcuse is saying here is that existentialism makes the mistake of thinking that just because human conditions are tragic and seem to lack a purpose, that they in fact do. Whether or not there is purpose to the universe is an ontological and metaphysical subject, not one that can be realized through historical events. Existentialism and its brother philosophy Absurdism are philosophies that emphasize the uniqueness and isolation of the individual in a hostile and indifferent world, and stress the fact the universe has no discernable purpose. This philosophy is essentially the crux of the novel The Stranger as Meursault, the indifferent and apathetic main character, embodies the tenets of existentialism intrinsically. Existentialism, what it represents, the results of its embodiment in a person, and the validity of the doctrine altogether are all important aspects explored in The Stranger by Albert Camus. Bibliography1. â€Å"Existentialism. † The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Answers. com 28 Mar. 2007. http://www. answers. com/topic/existentialism2. Marcuse, Herbert. â€Å"Sartre’s Existentialism†. Printed in Studies in Critical Philosophy. Translated by Joris De Bres. London: NLB, 1972. p. 1613. Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Middlesex: UK Penguin Classics, 1943. 4. Sartre, Jean P. Existentialism is a Humanism. World Company, 1956. 5. â€Å"Albert Camus. † 28 Mar. 2007 . 6. White, Ray. â€Å"The Meaning of Life. † 2004. 29 Mar. 2007 .

The Killer Angels Book Review

I believe that the author wrote this book because he wanted people to view the Battle of Gettysburg from not Just the view point that we receive in our textbooks but from different points of views so that we may interpret the battle as a whole instead of bits and pieces. This book, in my opinion, was written for both informative and entertainment for those who enjoy learning about history and the Civil War. This novel began with a person spying on the Union army then goes back to report o General Longest that he had found that an Union army was seen moving nearby where he was located.When the spy told Longest that information, it seemed to shock him a little bit. In Longitude's mind he believed that another general, General Stuart, was supposed to be tracking the Union army's movement. Now that he has received this information, he thought that he should move the Confederate army north to cut off the Union army. While heading north, the Confederate's come across a small town in Pennsy lvania known as Gettysburg. While patrolling the town of Gettysburg on his horse, a Union general had noticed that the Confederate soldiers were close.The general who saw the confederate army, General Afford, was under the impression that the two armies would start to battle inside the town. So he set up to brigades along the hills outside of town. His way of thinking was that the higher ground the Union army was, the better it was to fight the Confederate army. He believed using the geography of the north was a good idea. I agree with his thinking because it is certainly an advantage when it comes to warfare. As General Afford is aging arrangements to make that happen, General Longest was meeting with other generals to discuss strategy and tactic.The book then turns to the date of July 1st. It starts as General Lee is waking up and discovering General Stuart absence from camp. Without the absent man, Lee had no idea where the Union army was located and that troubled him. Not knowin g where the enemy was is never a good thing because you have no idea what your next plan or step would be. While at camp, he met with Longest. Longest was confident that the Confederates can use defensive tactics that has helped them in revises battles to help them win this one.He believes that the Confederacy would have a much better chance of winning because of their defensive skills that have proven to be top notch. General Lee refused Longitude's way of thinking because he wanted to smash the Union army aggressively in one blow. The book then transitions to where the battle was beginning when the confederate soldiers attacked the men who were station amongst the hills due to Brood's command. Reinforcements soon arrived to help out Brood's men since they were getting killed.The reinforcement quad was led by General Reynolds whom was later killed in the battle. As Lee arrives to the battleground, the battle is in full swing. He is ordering his men to attack since some Union troops were coming from the South to help out. As the first day ends, Union forces retreated back into the hills to take cover and get some rest for the upcoming day when they would continue to battle. Longest becomes nervous because he knew that the hills were a good defensive position. He knew that they would have the advantage if they went to attack them within the hills.He was also ware that General Lee would attack them instead of retreating to another location and wait for them to attack. On the second day of the battle, Chamberlain is the one who makes the first move this time by moving toward Gettysburg once again. As they were walking, they discovered an escaped slave. This gets Chamberlain into thinking about the reasoning for this war that has caused so many causalities of fellow Americans and what he believed in about different races. While that was happening, two confederate generals were suggesting to lee that they should attack the opposing army to weaken it.Lee likes the p lan, but Longest still wants to move to another location. Once again Lee had refused. As Lee and Longest lead the troops toward the hills, they discover that the army has come off of the hills and into the lowland where an orchard of some sort lied. They attack which causes a blood bath. Chamberlain and his men had to hold the ground against the Confederate attacks, but eventually they run out of bullets. They had followed by a motto to never retreat and fight while standing their ground. As day two came to an end, Lee decided on a Lana for the next day.As the final day approaches, Longest, for the final time, tries to convince Lee to move the army to another location, but Lee again refuses. Lee was determined to attack his enemy at this certain place. Longest had tried to convince him but he refused while launching an attack known as Picket's charge. After the failure of Picket's charge, the Confederates soon retreated, and the Battle of Gettysburg had finally come to an end. Perso nally, I believe Michael Sahara is the type of person who found this battle to be absolutely fascinating.I also believe that the author had done his research on the matter by using personal letters of these generals and other primary sources to help him write this book. This novel is an excellent example of a bloody battle fought on the US soil between the people of the US. To be honest, I really enjoyed this book. I like who the point of views changed to get the full coverage the battle and to have an insight on what was actually happening. I also happen to love learning about wars and the presidents so that helped a lot knowing some outside information.

Compare Jane Austen's work ( themes, plots, characteristics, style, Essay

Compare Jane Austen's work ( themes, plots, characteristics, style, politics) to some aspects of her life - Essay Example Jane was 5th born in the family of Rev. George Austen at the Hampshire and lived in the area for most of her life. She never married. She was briefly educated by her relative in Southampton, currently Oxford in 1783 and later at Reading Ladies boarding school. Generally, her education was only based on superior education given to girls of the time. In addition, she started writing her first tale as early as 1789. Jane Austen’s life was not happy especially in love and tranquil because she was simply uneventful. The movement of her family to Bath gave her scene to many episodes used in her different writings. There was a time she received a marriage proposal from a wealthy young man but turned it down the next day, reasonably that she did not love him. In her work, Austen anonymously published her tales in order to contemporary adhere the convention of the female authors. Fortunately, her publications continued to achieve the popularity and esteem although she could not lead the literally circles due to her anonymity. Her choice of writing the stories of love in the career, which coincided with the movement of romance contrasted with her life since she personally unromantic. The emotion of passion created in her novels moderates’ rational exercise in finding the real happiness than eloping with a lover. Austen became famous for her mature works in socializing the manners of the comedies. For example Emma, was cited to be perfected in the form, which the critics continue to approach in a perspective of the predicament of English women who were not married (Scott, 58-69). During this period (1800s), the customs and the laws of inheritance determined the fortunes of the families to the male partners. The literary styles of the Jane Austen relied on the combination of the irony, parody, free indirect speech, realism and the burlesque. The usage of burlesque and parody

Strategy Adopted by an Organization Is a Consequence of the Match Essay

Strategy Adopted by an Organization Is a Consequence of the Match between the Organizations External Relationships and its Internal Capabilities - Essay Example The researcher states that a mismatch between the internal capability of an organization and its strategies may to some extent contribute to less than optimal output and input ration in an organization. The accessible research findings have confirmed the existence of a very close relationship between an organization’s internal capabilities, the organization’s strategies, and the organization’s external relationships. In most cases, organizations that have the ability to balance between their internal capabilities and their strategies have competitive advantages over institutions that formulate their policies without considering their internal strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the analysis of the company’s internal liabilities, resources, weaknesses, and strengths are essential in the strategy formulation process. Sufficient examination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the business is as exceptionally decisive in devising the organization’s strategy. The objective of a strategy should be based on the company’s weaknesses and strengths. In planning for the organization strategy, the strategists should also consider the institution’s entrepreneurial problems and administrative problems. In most cases, strategies and organization’s internal capabilities reinforce each other in the success of an organization. A successful organization selects management systems that are in line with its strategies. Moreover, entities with several adjustment levels employ different strategies to match with their internal capabilities. As a result, business entities that have high-level of adjustments reveal organic structures and prospectors plan while business entities with low-level adjustment use mechanistic structures and defender strategies. In most cases, organizations strategists identify a unique approach to its marketplace before structuring an organization strategy that fits the identifi ed market approach.

Custome Relationship Management Assignment 2 Essay - 1

Custome Relationship Management Assignment 2 - Essay Example mpany is mainly on sales of products as against the rendering of services, it would be said that he sales force automation will make a lot of sense in meeting the characteristic needs of the company by ensuring that the company is put in a position to rightly track all sale activities that take place within the company and especially about individual customers. This is said as sales force automation has a core internal system that ensures that there is contact management for identifying and recording each stage of the sales process for every other customer, right from the first contact that the customer makes with the company to the very last disposition that takes place (Humphrey, 2001). What this means is that sales force automation is going to make room for any of several customer relations management metrics to be used in measuring the outcome of the sales and its impact on the company. This may be done either by the traditional means or by use a modern marketing metrics. The key objective to the marketing plan is to ensure that the company is put in a position to track the inputs of its customers by way of sales at an individualized level. Commonly, companies treat all customers as the same and so prepare a similar strategy towards their sales. Meanwhile, marketing research has showed that purchasing behavior of no two customers could be exactly the same and so it is always important that clients be looked at from an individualized perspective (Chen and So, 2002). It is also the objective of the marketing plan to find major areas of weaknesses and strengths for the company in terms of sales so that the right kind of inventory can be made to meet the exact needs of customers. In areas where there are weaknesses with sales, strategies would either have to be changed or modified. The target markets are intended to be new markets where the products of the company have not reached as at yet. This is because by making these target markets and eventually having

Customer Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer Commitment - Essay Example roll’s guitar, on a scale of 1 to 10 the ethical breach would be 9 since it is clearly very unethical for a company to ignore repeated consumer complaints, especially when the services provided by United Airlines includes the comfort and satisfaction of their passengers. Since Mr. Carroll has already sent complaint letters multiple times, the best course of action to pacify him and come to agreement on how the complaints will be settled without the company having to admit total fault and giving his demands is by sending him an apologetic reply immediately and inviting him for a personal dialogue concerning his complaints and the possibility of settling the issue and gaining his trust back. This step can be further guided by Maxham & Netemeyer’s ethics process model (2003) which is customer-centered by putting all customers in the shoes of their clients, so that they could empathize with them and provide appropriate responses. It is expected to provide favorable outcomes for both United Airlines and Mr. Carroll if executed properly. While this step may seem simple, it is a necessary action to prevent Mr. Carroll from feeling that his complaints have been completely ignored and making him feel that he is an unimportant customer, as well as to prevent him from taking actions that can affect United Airlines as a whole prematurely (such as posting songs or complaints through the internet). In addition to the aforementioned mitigation steps for the issues with Mr. Carroll, as Regional Manager a meeting with other concerned divisions and supervisors must be called in to fully give the details that lead to the situation, to explain the repercussions that can happen and affect the impression and trust of important clients, stakeholders, and the public due to Mr. Carroll’s dissatisfaction and ignoring his complaints, and to create the terms of settlement that will be offered to Mr. Carroll such as creating a list of possible settlements and allowing him to choose only